Video Games May Help Combat Depression in Older Adults

Science Daily (Feb. 28, 2010) — Research at the Sam and Rose Stein Institute for Research on Aging at the University of California, San Diego School of Medicine suggests a novel route to improving the symptoms of subsyndromal depression (SSD) in seniors through the regular use of "exergames" -- entertaining video games that combine game play with exercise. In a pilot study, the researchers found that use of exergames significantly improved mood and mental health-related quality of life in older adults with SSD.

The study, led by Dilip V. Jeste, MD, Distinguished Professor of psychiatry and neurosciences at UCSD School of Medicine, Estelle and Edgar Levi Chair in Aging, and director of the UC San Diego Sam and Rose Stein Institute for Research on Aging, appears in the March issue of the American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry.

SSD is much more common than major depression in seniors, and is associated with substantial suffering, functional disability, and increased use of costly medical services. Physical activity can improve depression; however, fewer than five percent of older adults meet physical activity recommendations.
"Depression predicts nonadherence to physical activity, and that is a key barrier to most exercise programs," Jeste said. "Older adults with depression may be at particular risk for diminished enjoyment of physical activity, and therefore, more likely to stop exercise programs prematurely."

In the study, 19 participants with SSD ranging in age from 63 to 94 played an exergame on the Nintendo Wii video game system during 35-minute sessions, three times a week. After some initial instruction, they chose one of the five Nintendo Wii Sports games to play on their own -- tennis, bowling, baseball, golf or boxing.

Using the Wii remote -- a wireless device with motion-sensing capabilities -- the seniors used their arm and body movements to simulate actions engaged in playing the actual sport, such as swinging the Wii remote like a tennis racket. The participants reported high satisfaction and rated the exergames on various attributes including enjoyment, mental effort, and physical limitations.

"The study suggests encouraging results from the use of the exergames," Jeste said. "More than one-third of the participants had a 50-percent or greater reduction of depressive symptoms. Many had a significant improvement in their mental health-related quality of life and increased cognitive stimulation."

Jeste said feedback revealed some participants started the study feeling nervous about how they would perform in the exergames and the technical aspects of game play. However, by the end of the study, most participants reported that learning and playing the video games was satisfying and enjoyable.

"The participants thought the exergames were fun, they felt challenged to do better and saw progress in their game play," Jeste said. "Having a high level of enjoyment and satisfaction, and a choice among activities, exergames may lead to sustained exercise in older adults." He cautioned, however, that the findings were based on a small study, and needed to be replicated in larger samples using control groups. He also stressed that exergames carry potential risks of injury, and should be practiced with appropriate care.

Additional authors include Dori Rosenberg, Jennifer Reichstadt, Jacqueline Kerr and Greg Norman, UCSD Department of Family and Preventative Medicine; and Colin A. Depp, Ipsit V. Vahia and Barton W. Palmer, UCSD Department of Psychiatry.

The study was funded in part by grants from the National Institute of Mental Health, the UCSD Sam and Rose Stein Institute for Research on Aging, and the Department of Veterans Affairs.

This assignment has you exploring some fun apps on the iPad. There are lots of trivia and mind games as well as other fun ones in the Apple App store. Try one or more of the fun activities below to consider how you might suggest some activities (electronic or traditional paper puzzles or crosswords) for consumers in the future. Keeping one's brain sharp has been proven to help ward off brain degeneration as one ages.

Elevate - Brain Training

https://itunes.apple.com/us/app/elevate-brain-training/id875063456?mt=8

You are invited to select what skills you want to work on.

MindGames

https://itunes.apple.com/us/app/mind-games-brain-training/id860325400?mt=8

It prompts you to register but you can enter the app as a guest and not have to register. Give you choices of many games to try to build different brain skills.

Colorfy

https://itunes.apple.com/us/app/colorfy-coloring-book/id1009442510?mt=8

You can create colorful images on their coloring pages. We know there has been lots of media lately on the benefits of adult coloring. How relaxing it is. Give this electronic version a try.

Word Search +

https://itunes.apple.com/us/app/word-search-find-crossword-challenged-puzzles/id1016132028?mt=8

Traditional word search format using the touch screen.

Download one or more of the free apps above and give it a try. Did you find it relaxing or fun?

Case Study

Roberta is 56 years old. She has suffered from depression her entire adult life. She was well cared for by her late husband, but he passed away 2 years ago of a heart attack. Roberta could not live alone so her two daughters got her into a boarding home that provides some level of assistance for her. She has some physical ailments including arthritis and high blood pressure, but otherwise she is healthy.

She is lonely and angry that her husband died and her depression has lower lows than it used to.

She denies any suicidal thoughts, but she often says that she wishes she could join her husband in death.

In the past Roberta has been an excellent cook and had done many crafts, but her depression has kept her from engaging in these activities on her own.